Waveguide structure and outcoupling elements

ABSTRACT

Outcoupling elements are disposed with a transparent layer. A transparent waveguide structure receives non-visible light and delivers the non-visible light to the outcoupling elements. The outcoupling elements outcouple the non-visible light as non-visible illumination light.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 16/877,988,filed May 19, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/911,214 filed Oct. 5, 2019. U.S. Application No.16/877,988 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/911,214 are expresslyincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

A common technique to illuminate a target is to aim one or more lightsources such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) toward the target. Yet,conventional light sources have a large enough footprint to introducesignificant occlusions into an optical system. In the particular contextof head mounted devices, it may desirable to illuminate an eye regionwithout introducing significant occlusions into an optical system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the invention aredescribed with reference to the following figures, wherein likereference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various viewsunless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example head mounted device, in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example optical element including an illuminationlayer having a transparent layer, a waveguide structure, and anoutcoupling element, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 3A illustrates a functional diagram of an input coupler, awaveguide structure, and an outcoupling element, in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3B illustrates a side view of an example input coupler, inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3C illustrates a ridge waveguide structure, in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3D illustrates a rib waveguide structure, in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3E illustrates an example outcoupling element generatingnon-visible illumination light in an eyeward direction, in accordancewith aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3F-3G illustrate example outcoupling elements having a grating, areflector, and a beam shaping element, in accordance with aspects of thedisclosure.

FIGS. 3H-3J illustrate example outcoupling elements having a mirror, inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example optical element including an illuminationlayer having a plurality of outcoupling elements distributed across atransparent layer, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an optical element configured to receive non-visiblelight into a waveguide structure from a single non-visible light sourceand the waveguide structure distributing the non-visible light to aplurality of outcoupling elements, in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of a waveguide structure with outcoupling elements aredescribed herein. In the following description, numerous specificdetails are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of theembodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however,that the techniques described herein can be practiced without one ormore of the specific details, or with other methods, components,materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, oroperations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuringcertain aspects.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, theappearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” invarious places throughout this specification are not necessarily allreferring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features,structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner inone or more embodiments.

In some implementations of the disclosure, the term “near-eye” may bedefined as including an element that is configured to be placed within50 mm of an eye of a user while a near-eye device is being utilized.Therefore, a “near-eye optical element” or a “near-eye system” wouldinclude one or more elements configured to be placed within 50 mm of theeye of the user.

In aspects of this disclosure, visible light may be defined as having awavelength range of approximately 380 nm - 700 nm. Non-visible light maybe defined as light having wavelengths that are outside the visiblelight range, such as ultraviolet light and infrared light. Infraredlight having a wavelength range of approximately 700 nm - 1 mm includesnear-infrared light. In aspects of this disclosure, near-infrared lightmay be defined as having a wavelength range of approximately 800 nm -1.6 µm.

Creating an illumination optical system across a transparent layertypically includes disposing light sources across the transparent layerand routing electrical conductors to the light sources. However, evenwhen the light sources are small, they introduce occlusions into theoptical system and the electrical traces that are routed to power thelight sources may cause unwanted diffraction effects. In the context ofa head mounted device such as smart glasses, an augmented reality (AR)head mounted display (HMD), or a virtual reality (VR) HMD, it may beadvantageous to illuminate an eye region from a transparent layer in thefield of view (FOV) of a user of the head mounted device. In somecontexts, the eye region is illuminated with non-visible illuminationlight (e.g. near-infrared light) to image the eye for eye-trackingpurposes, for example.

In aspects of the disclosure, a transparent layer shaped like a lens maybe mounted to a frame of a head mounted device. A transparent waveguidestructure receives non-visible light from one or more light source suchas an LED, a superluminescent light emitting diode (S-LED), or avertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The transparentwaveguide structure delivers the non-visible light to outcouplingelement disposed across the transparent layer. The outcoupling elementsdirect the received non-visible light toward an eye region asnon-visible illumination light. A camera configured to image thenon-visible light may then capture eye-tracking images of the eyeilluminated with non-visible illumination light. These and otherembodiments are described in more detail in connections with FIGS. 1-5 .

FIG. 1 illustrates an example head mounted device 100, in accordancewith aspects of the present disclosure. A head mounted device, such ashead mounted device 100, is one type of smart device. In some contexts,head mounted device 100 is also a head mounted display (HMD) Artificialreality is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some mannerbefore presentation to the user, which may include, e.g., virtualreality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), hybridreality, or some combination and/or derivative thereof.

The illustrated example of head mounted device 100 is shown as includinga frame 102, temple arms 104A and 104B, and a near-eye optical element106A and a near-eye optical element 106B. FIG. 1 also illustrates anexploded view of an example of near-eye optical element 106A. Near-eyeoptical element 106A is shown as including an illumination layer 110 anda display layer 120.

As shown in FIG. 1 , frame 102 is coupled to temple arms 104A and 104Bfor securing the head mounted device 100 to the head of a user. Examplehead mounted device 100 may also include supporting hardwareincorporated into the frame 102 and/or temple arms 104A and 104B. Thehardware of head mounted device 100 may include any of processing logic,wired and/or wireless data interfaces for sending and receiving data,graphic processors, and one or more memories for storing data andcomputer-executable instructions. In one example, head mounted device100 may be configured to receive wired power and/or may be configured tobe powered by one or more batteries. In addition, head mounted device100 may be configured to receive wired and/or wireless data includingvideo data.

FIG. 1 illustrates near-eye optical elements 106A and 106B that areconfigured to be mounted to the frame 102. The frame 102 may house thenear-eye optical elements 106A and 106B by surrounding at least aportion of a periphery of the near-eye optical elements 106A and 106B.The near-eye optical element 106A is configured to receive visible scenelight 122 at a world side 112 of the near-eye optical element 106A. Thevisible scene light 122 propagates through optical element 106A to aneye of a user of the head mounted device on an eyeward side 109 ofoptical element 106A. In some examples, near-eye optical element 106Amay be transparent or semitransparent to the user to facilitateaugmented reality or mixed reality such that the user can view visiblescene light 122 from the environment while also receiving display light123 directed to their eye(s) by way of display layer 120. A waveguide125 included in display layer 120 may be utilized to direct the displaylight 123 generated by an electronic display in an eyeward direction,although other display technologies may also be utilized in displaylayer 120. In some implementations, at least a portion of an electronicdisplay is included in the frame 102 of the head mounted device 100. Theelectronic display may include an LCD, an organic light emitting diode(OLED) display, micro-LED display, pico-projector, or liquid crystal onsilicon (LCOS) display for generating the display light 123.

In further examples, some or all of the near-eye optical elements 106Aand 106B may be incorporated into a virtual reality headset where thetransparent nature of the near-eye optical elements 106A and 106B allowsthe user to view an electronic display (e.g., a liquid crystal display(LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a micro-LEDdisplay, etc.) incorporated in the virtual reality headset. In thiscontext, display layer 120 may be replaced by the electronic display.

Illumination layer 110 includes a transparent layer that may be formedof optical polymers, glasses, transparent wafers (such as high-puritysemi-insulating SiC wafers) or any other transparent materials used forthis purpose. A waveguide structure 108 is configured to receivenon-visible light from a non-visible light source coupled with frame102. Waveguide structure 108 is configured to deliver the non-visiblelight from the non-visible light source to outcoupling element 111, inFIG. 1 . Only one waveguide structure 108 and one outcoupling element111 are illustrated in FIG. 1 , although there may be a plurality ofoutcoupling elements in some implementations. The one or moreoutcoupling elements 111 are configured to outcouple the non-visiblelight propagating in waveguide structure 108 as non-visible illuminationlight 113 to illuminate an eye region.

The non-visible illumination light 113 may be near-infrared light, insome aspects. The non-visible light source that generates thenon-visible light for waveguide structure 108 may include one or more oflight emitting diode (LED), a micro light emitting diode (micro-LED), anedge emitting LED, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL),on-chip integrated laser, hybrid integrated laser, or a Superluminescentdiode (S-LED). Depending on the architecture, a single light source or alight source array can be used. When a single light source is used,waveguide splitters can be used to distribute the light into multipleoutputs. The light source may be buried in the frame so that is out of aFOV (field of view) of a user. When an array of light sources is used,each light source can supply one output so that no waveguide splitter isneeded. A waveguide splitter may be used to split the power in onewaveguide into multiple waveguides. For example, a Y shaped splitter candivide a single waveguide into two channels with balanced power ordesigned unbalanced power. A 1x2 MMI (multimode interferometer) couplercan function similarly to a Y splitter, a 1x4 MMI splitter can divide asingle waveguide into 4 channels, and so on. A Mach-Zehnderinterferometer can also be used for splitting optical power of awaveguide.

In some implementations, a combiner layer (not illustrated) isoptionally disposed between display layer 120 and illumination layer 110to direct reflected non-visible illumination light that has reflectedfrom an eye region to a camera (e.g. camera 170) to capture eye-trackingimages. In some implementations, camera 170 is positioned to image theeye directly by imaging the reflected non-visible illumination lightreflecting from the eye region. Camera 170 may include a complementarymetal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. When non-visibleillumination light 113 is infrared light, an infrared filter thatreceives a narrow-band infrared wavelength may be placed over the imagesensor so it is sensitive to the narrow-band infrared wavelength whilerejecting wavelengths outside the narrow-band, including visible lightwavelengths.

As shown in FIG. 1 , outcoupling element 111 and waveguide structure 108are disposed within the field-of-view (FOV) of a user provided by thenear-eye optical element 106A. While outcoupling element 111 mayintroduce minor occlusions or non-uniformities into the near-eye opticalelement 106A, outcoupling element(s) 111 and waveguide structure 108 maybe so small as to be unnoticeable or insignificant to a wearer of headmounted device 100. Additionally, any occlusion from outcoupling element111 and waveguide structure 108 may be placed so close to the eye as tobe unfocusable by the human eye and therefore outcoupling element 111and waveguide structure 108 will not be noticeable to a user of device100. Waveguide structure 108 includes a transparent (to visible light)dielectric material, in some implementations. Furthermore, outcouplingelement 111 and waveguide structure 108 may be so small that even anobserver (a person not wearing device 100 but viewing device 100) maynot notice outcoupling element 111 and waveguide structure 108.Outcoupling element 111 may be smaller than 75 microns at itwidest/longest dimension. In an implementation, outcoupling element 111may be smaller than 20 microns at its widest/longest dimension andwaveguide structure 108 may be approximately 1-10 microns wide andformed with transparent materials. Waveguide structure 108 may beapproximately 100 nm to 1 micron, in some implementations. Outcouplingelement 111 may be approximately 10 microns at its widest/longestdimension, in some implementations. In contrast, actual light sourcespositioned in illumination layer 110 would have a footprint ofapproximately 100 x 100 microns or larger.

In some implementations, optical element 106A may have a curvature forfocusing light (e.g., display light 123) to the eye of the user. Thecurvature may be included in the transparent layer of illumination layer110. Thus, optical element 106A may be referred to as a lens. In someaspects, optical element 106A may have a thickness and/or curvature thatcorresponds to the specifications of a user. In other words, opticalelement 106A may be considered a prescription lens.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example optical element 206 including illuminationlayer 210 having a transparent layer 230, a waveguide structure 208, andan outcoupling element 211, in accordance with aspects of thedisclosure. Transparent layer 230 may be made from glass or opticalpolymer. Non-visible light source 207 emits non-visible light intowaveguide structure 208 and waveguide structure 208 is configured toreceive non-visible light from non-visible light source 207 coupled withframe 202. Non-visible light source 207 may include a laser source, asuperluminescent light emitting diode (S-LED), or a vertical-cavitysurface-emitting laser (VCSEL), for example.

Waveguide structure 208 confines the non-visible light emitted bynon-visible light source 207 and the non-visible light propagates towardoutcoupling element 211. As in FIG. 1 , only one waveguide structure 208and one outcoupling element 211 are illustrated in FIG. 2 , althoughthere may be a plurality of outcoupling elements in someimplementations. The one or more outcoupling elements 211 are configuredto outcouple the non-visible light propagating in waveguide structure208 as non-visible illumination light 213 to illuminate an eye 203 inthe eye region. Outcoupling element 211 may be configured to generatecone-shaped non-visible illumination light 213. The outcouplingelement(s) 211 may be configured differently to output non-visibleillumination light 213 in different divergence angles and/or differentshapes to form patterned non-visible illumination light. The patternednon-visible illumination light may assist in processing and analyzingeye-tracking images that include reflected non-visible illuminationlight 213 that is captured by a camera, for example.

FIG. 3A illustrates a functional diagram of an input coupler 331,waveguide structure 308, and outcoupling element 311A, in accordancewith aspects of the disclosure. Taken together, the components of FIG.3A may be referred to as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). Inputcoupler 331 may be a grating or other conversion structure such as aprism, tapered waveguide, or otherwise. Input coupler 331 can include asingle component or multiple components, for example, a grating couplermay be formed by a single grating layer or a dual grating layer. Agrating may be curved for a compact input coupler. Input coupler 331 mayinclude a coupler that has a tapered waveguide for coupling to fiber, asurface grating with a back reflector, a grating with micro opticscoupled to an edge emitting laser diode, or a flat waveguide end-facecoupled to a lensed fiber. Input coupler 331 is configured to receivenon-visible light 317 from non-visible light source 307 and incouple thenon-visible light 317 into waveguide structure 308. FIG. 3B illustratesa side view of an example input coupler 331. Input coupler 331 may bespecifically designed to incouple a narrow-band wavelength ofnon-visible light 317 into waveguide structure 308. Input coupler 331may have a footprint that is approximately the size of the non-visiblelight source 307. For example, for a fiber coupled source, this is thesize of the mode profile of a single mode fiber (e.g. approximately 10microns).

Outcoupling element 311A is configured to generate a particularillumination pattern of the non-visible illumination light in the farfield (approximately where the non-visible illumination light willbecome incident on an eye region). In the illustrated embodiment of FIG.3A, outcoupling element 311A is configured to direct non-visibleillumination light 313A in an eyeward direction in a cone-shape having adivergence angle of θ 381A. Other outcoupling elements 311 may havedifferent divergence angles and/or different shapes. The size ofoutcoupling element 111/211/311 may be approximately 10 microns, whichis invisible to an unaided human eye. In some aspects, outcouplingelement 311A includes a main output grating. A refractive or diffractiveoptical element may also be used to provide beam shaping to thenon-visible illumination light outcoupled by the main output grating.The outcoupling element 311A may utilize both sides of transparent layer230 to distribute its components.

FIGS. 3C and 3D illustrate example waveguide designs that may beutilized in waveguide structure 308, in accordance with aspects of thedisclosure. FIG. 3C illustrates a ridge waveguide structure 348 having afirst refractive material 341 surrounding a second refractive material342. First refractive material 341 has a refractive index n₁ that isless than a second refractive index n₂ of second refractive material342. The illustrated cross section of second refractive material 342 maybe approximately 500 nm by 500 nm and the illustrated cross section offirst refractive material 341 may be approximately 1.5 microns by 2microns. FIG. 3D illustrates a rib waveguide structure 358 having afirst refractive material 351 surrounding a second refractive material352. First refractive material 351 has a refractive index n₁ that isless than a second refractive index n₂ of second refractive material352.

FIG. 3E illustrates an example outcoupling element 311B generatingnon-visible illumination light 313B in an eyeward direction, inaccordance with aspects of the disclosure. Outcoupling element 311B isconfigured to direct non-visible illumination light 313B in a differentdirection and at a different divergence angle θ 381B than outcouplingelement 311A. FIG. 3E also illustrates that a backside reflector layer391 may be used to increase optical efficiency by reflecting anynon-visible light 317 that is not incoupled into waveguide structure 308on the first encounter back to input coupler 331 to be incoupled intowaveguide structure 308. Additionally, backside reflector layer 392 isdisposed below outcoupling element 311B to reflect any stray non-visibleillumination light back to outcoupling element 311B. Backside reflectorlayer 391 or 392 may be a metallic layer of a Distributed BraggReflector (DBR), for example. Backside reflector layer 391 or 392 may bedisposed on a world side of the transparent layer 230. Backsidereflectors 391 and 392 may also be utilized in the PIC of FIG. 3A.

FIGS. 3F-3G illustrate example outcoupling elements having a grating, areflector, and a beam shaping element, in accordance with aspects of thedisclosure. Outcoupling elements may have a single component or multiplecomponents. The outcoupling element may have a single grating coupler, agrating coupler paired with a back reflector, a grating coupler that hascurved gratings, a grating coupler that has a dual grating layer, or agrating coupler with a back reflector and a third layer for beamshaping. The beam shaping layer may include a diffractive opticalelement (DOE) or a refractive microlens.

FIG. 3F illustrates an outcoupling element 311F including a grating 382,a reflector 384, and a diffractive optical element (DOE) 383 as the beamshaping layer. Grating 382 is configured to receive the non-visiblelight from waveguide 308 and illuminate DOE 383. Reflector 384 mayrecycle any stray light back toward DOE 383. Grating 382 and reflector384 are illustrated as being included in transparent layer 330. DOE 383may be configured with particular beam shaping features to control thedivergence angle of θ 381F and the direction of non-visible illuminationlight 313F. The beam-shaping layer may include a metasurface formed bynanostructures or a holographic surface, for example. The DOE may bedesigned for specific far field illumination.

FIG. 3G illustrates an outcoupling element 311G including a grating 387,a reflector 389, and a microlens 388 as the beam shaping layer. Grating387 is configured to receive the non-visible light from waveguide 308and illuminate microlens 388. Reflector 389 may recycle any stray lightback toward microlens 388. Grating 387 and reflector 389 are illustratedas being included in transparent layer 330. Microlens 388 may beconfigured with particular beam shaping features to control thedivergence angle of θ 381G and the direction of non-visible illuminationlight 313G. The beam-shaping layer may include a microlens with afree-form surface. Microlens 388 may be designed for specific far fieldillumination. Microlens 388 may include a dielectric material.

A distance between the beam shaping layer and the (383 in FIG. 3F or 388in FIG. 3G) may be greater than one micron. The beam shaping layer maybe fabricated with lithography and etch processes or by nanoimprintprocess, for example.

FIG. 3H illustrates an outcoupling element 311H. Outcoupling element311H is a mirror configured to outcouple the non-visible light fromwaveguide 308 as non-visible illumination light 313H having divergenceangle of θ 381H.

FIG. 3I illustrates an outcoupling element 311I. Outcoupling element311I is a curved mirror configured to outcouple the non-visible lightfrom waveguide 308 as non-visible illumination light 313I havingdivergence angle of θ 381I. Divergence angle θ 381I may be larger thanthe divergence angle of θ 381H due to the curvature of the curved mirrorof outcoupling element 311I compared to a planar mirror of outcouplingelement 311H.

FIG. 3J illustrates an outcoupling element 311J including a curvedmirror 371 and a refractive microlens 372. Outcoupling element 311J isconfigured to outcouple the non-visible light from waveguide 308 asnon-visible illumination light 313J having divergence angle of θ 381J.Refractive microlens 372 may function as the beam-shaping layer tocontrol the divergence of θ 381J and direction of non-visibleillumination light 313J.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example optical element 406 including anillumination layer 410 having a plurality of outcoupling elements 411distributed across transparent layer 430, in accordance with aspects ofthe disclosure. FIG. 4 includes twelve outcoupling elements 411A-411Mhaving corresponding waveguide structures 408A-408M. Each waveguidestructure 408 is configured to receive non-visible light from anon-visible light source and provide the non-visible light to itsrespective outcoupling element 411. Each outcoupling element 411 isconfigured to outcouple the received non-visible light as non-visibleillumination light to illuminate an eye region. Outcoupling elements411A-411G are approximately positioned on an outside ring andoutcoupling elements 411H-411M are approximately positioned on an insidering. Of course, other arrangements and numbers of outcoupling elements411 are possible in other implementations.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example one-to-one relationship betweennon-visible light sources, waveguide structures 408, and outcouplingelements 411. That is, a non-visible light source illuminates a singlewaveguide structure 408 to provide light to a corresponding outcouplingelement.

FIG. 5 illustrates an optical element 506 that is configured to receivenon-visible light into waveguide structure 508 from a single non-visiblelight source (not illustrated) and waveguide structure 508 distributesthe non-visible light to a plurality of outcoupling elements 511. FIG. 5illustrates an example optical element 506 including an illuminationlayer 510 having a plurality of outcoupling elements 511A-511Hdistributed across transparent layer 530, in accordance with aspects ofthe disclosure. In the example illustration, the optical path length inwaveguide structure 508 is roughly the same for each outcoupling element511. This may homogenize a brightness output of each outcoupling element511. In other implementations, the optical path lengths from thenon-visible light source to the outcoupling elements 511 of waveguidestructure 508 may be adjusted to increase or decrease brightness of aparticular outcoupling element 511 due to optical losses in waveguidestructure 508 according to the length of waveguide structure 508. Eachoutcoupling element 511 is configured to outcouple the receivednon-visible light as non-visible illumination light to illuminate an eyeregion.

The waveguides described in this disclosure may follow an indirectcurving path between a non-visible light source and an outcouplingelement. The waveguides may be randomly curved so that, over a varietyof viewing angles, any light scattering associated with the waveguidesare visually less conspicuous compared to more straight line waveguidepaths. Any of the features described in FIGS. 3A-3E may be used in theimplementations of optical elements 406 and 506. For example, opticalfibers may be utilized for waveguide structures 408 and 508.

Embodiments of the invention may include or be implemented inconjunction with an artificial reality system. Artificial reality is aform of reality that has been adjusted in some manner beforepresentation to a user, which may include, e.g., a virtual reality (VR),an augmented reality (AR), a mixed reality (MR), a hybrid reality, orsome combination and/or derivatives thereof. Artificial reality contentmay include completely generated content or generated content combinedwith captured (e.g., real-world) content. The artificial reality contentmay include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof,and any of which may be presented in a single channel or in multiplechannels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effectto the viewer). Additionally, in some embodiments, artificial realitymay also be associated with applications, products, accessories,services, or some combination thereof, that are used to, e.g., createcontent in an artificial reality and/or are otherwise used in (e.g.,perform activities in) an artificial reality. The artificial realitysystem that provides the artificial reality content may be implementedon various platforms, including a head mounted display (HMD) connectedto a host computer system, a standalone HMD, a mobile device orcomputing system, or any other hardware platform capable of providingartificial reality content to one or more viewers.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the invention,including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed.While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention aredescribed herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications arepossible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in therelevant art will recognize.

These modifications can be made to the invention in light of the abovedetailed description. The terms used in the following claims should notbe construed to limit the invention to the specific embodimentsdisclosed in the specification. Rather, the scope of the invention is tobe determined entirely by the following claims, which are to beconstrued in accordance with established doctrines of claiminterpretation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A head mounted device comprising: a frame; a near-infrared light source coupled with the frame, wherein the near-infrared light source is configured to emit near-infrared light; and an optical element secured to the frame, the optical element including: a transparent layer; a plurality of outcoupling elements distributed across the transparent layer; and a transparent waveguide structure configured to receive the near-infrared light from the near-infrared light source coupled with the frame, wherein the transparent waveguide structure is configured to deliver the near-infrared light from the near-infrared light source to the outcoupling elements, and wherein the outcoupling elements are configured to outcouple the near-infrared light as near-infrared illumination light to illuminate an eye region with patterned near-infrared illumination light, the outcoupling elements including a grating configured to receive the near-infrared light from the transparent waveguide.
 2. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling elements further include a diffractive optical element (DOE), and wherein the grating is configured to receive the near-infrared light and illuminate the DOE.
 3. The head mounted device of claim 2, wherein the DOE is configured to control a divergence and a direction of the near-infrared illumination light.
 4. The head mounted device of claim 2, wherein the DOE includes a metasurface.
 5. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the outcoupling elements further include a microlens, and wherein the grating is configured to receive the near-infrared light and illuminate the microlens.
 6. The head mounted device of claim 5, wherein the microlens is configured to control a divergence and a direction of the near-infrared illumination light.
 7. The head mounted device of claim 5, wherein the microlens includes a dielectric material.
 8. An optical system comprising: a non-visible light source configured to emit non-visible light; a transparent layer; outcoupling elements positioned across the transparent layer; and a waveguide structure configured to deliver the non-visible light from the non-visible light source to the outcoupling elements, wherein the outcoupling elements are configured to outcouple the non-visible light as non-visible illumination light, and wherein the outcoupling elements include a curved mirror and a refractive microlens configured to provide beam shaping for the non-visible illumination light.
 9. The optical system of claim 8, wherein a first outcoupling element of the outcoupling elements is configured to outcouple the non-visible illumination light as a first light cone having a first divergence angle, and wherein a second outcoupling element of the outcoupling elements is configured to outcouple the non-visible illumination light as a second light cone having a second divergence angle that is different than the first divergence angle.
 10. The optical system of claim 8, wherein the waveguide structure includes a transparent dielectric material to confine the non-visible light to the waveguide structure.
 11. The optical system of claim 8, wherein a material used for the waveguide structure is transparent to visible light.
 12. The optical system of claim 8, wherein the waveguide structure is coupled between the non-visible light source and at least a portion of the outcoupling elements.
 13. The optical system of claim 12, wherein the waveguide structure follows an indirect curving path between the non-visible light source and the outcoupling elements.
 14. The optical system of claim 8, wherein the non-visible light source includes at least one of a laser source, a superluminescent light emitting diode (S-LED), a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), or an integrated laser array.
 15. The optical system of claim 8, wherein at least a portion of the outcoupling elements are less than 75 microns.
 16. The optical system of claim 8, wherein the outcoupling elements are in a field of view (FOV) of an eye of a user of the optical system.
 17. The optical system of claim 8 further comprising: an input coupling structure configured to receive the non-visible light from the non-visible light source and inject the non-visible light into the waveguide structure.
 18. The optical system of claim 8 further comprising: an input coupler configured to incouple the non-visible light emitted by the non-visible light source into the waveguide structure.
 19. A near-eye optical element comprising: a transparent layer; an outcoupling element disposed with the transparent layer; and a transparent waveguide structure configured to confine near-infrared light received from a near-infrared light source, wherein the transparent waveguide structure is configured to deliver the near-infrared light to the outcoupling element, and wherein the outcoupling element is configured to outcouple the near-infrared light as patterned near-infrared illumination light to illuminate an eye region, and wherein the outcoupling elements include a curved mirror and a refractive microlens configured to provide beam shaping to the patterned near-infrared illumination light..
 20. The near-eye optical element of claim 19, wherein the outcoupling element is less than 75 microns. 